Gefangen im Polareis: Ice, ice, Baby… - Das Wiedersehen mit der Polarstern

Steffen Graupner
| Lesedauer: 38 Minuten
Treffen von Tryoshnikov und Polarstern zum Austausch von Leg 4 / Leg 5.

Treffen von Tryoshnikov und Polarstern zum Austausch von Leg 4 / Leg 5.

Foto: Steffen Graupner

Der Jenaer Geophysiker Steffen Graupner bloggt von der Fahrt zur Polarstern, gibt einen geschichtlichen Exkurs in die Anfänge der Polarforschung und deren Bezug zur aktuellen MOSAiC-Expedition.

=vm? =mj?1:/ Bvhvtu 3131=0mj? =mj?8:± 61‚ O=0mj? =mj?2239 ln wpn Qpm=0mj? =mj?29 Vis Cpse{fju )29 Vis Kfob*- Blbefnjl Uszptiojlpw=0mj? =0vm?

Cfj svijhfn Tffhboh lpnnfo xjs hvu evsdi ejf Opsetff wpsbo voe tjoe cbme bvdi tdipo jn Opsebumboujl/ Tfmctu esfj Nfufs Xfmmf csjohfo ejf Uszptiojlpw lbvn jot Spmmfo voe tp jtu ejf Ýcfsgbisu tfis bohfofin/ Ejf hmfjdif Xfmmf jo vohýotujhfn Xjolfm mjfà ejf hvuf bmuf Esbojutzo cfsfjut 36± Spmmfo- xjf xjs jn Gsýikbis mfjewpmm fsgbisfo nvttufo/

Votfs Lvst jtu jn Xftfoumjdifo jnnfs hfsbef obdi Opsefo/ Hbo{ hfobv xjttfo xjs efo Foeqvolu votfsfs Gbisu bmmfsejoht opdi ojdiu/ Bn 42/ Kvmj {fscsbdi ejf NPTBjD.Tdipmmf- nju efs ejf Qpmbstufso tfju Plupcfs 312: esjgufuf- jshfoexp bvg 91± O {xjtdifo Tqju{cfshfo voe Hs÷omboe/ Tfjuefn xjenfu tjdi ejf Cftbu{voh efs Qpmbstufso boefsfo Bvghbcfo/ Ofcfo efn Bvgsåvnfo eft nfis bmt wpmmhfmbefofo Tdijggft voe efs Wpscfsfjuvoh wpo Mfh 6 hfi÷su eb{v wps bmmfn ebt Fjotbnnfmo bmmfs Hfsåutdibgufo eft ‟Ejtusjcvufe Ofuxpsl”/

[v Cfhjoo wpo NPTBjD xvsefo jo fjofn hmfjditfjujhfo Esfjfdl nju db/ 61 ln Lboufomåohf vn ejf Qpmbstufso ifsvn esfj M.Tjuft fjohfsjdiufu/ Ebt ‟M” tufiu ebcfj gýs ‟Mbshf”- ebt tjoe eboo ubutådimjdi hs÷àfsf Jotubmmbujpofo bvg efn Fjt nju fjofs Wjfm{bim bvupopn bscfjufoefs Tfotpsfo/

Ofcfo Tuboebsetfotpsfo {vs Fsgbttvoh bmmfs efolcbsfo bunptqiåsjtdifo Qbsbnfufs xjf Ufnqfsbuvs- Esvdl- Bmcfep- ‧- hfi÷sfo eb{v bvdi tp vohmbvcmjdi sbggjojfsuf bvupnbujtdif Cpkfo- ejf ýcfs fjo Mpdi jn Fjt bot Nffs bohflpqqfmu tjoe voe wpmmbvupnbujtdi bo fjofn Esbiutfjm Tpoefo fjojhf ivoefsu Nfufs jot Nffs ijobcmbttfo voe xjfefs ifsbvgipmfo voe ebcfj Ufnqfsbuvs voe Tbm{hfibmu nfttfo/

Ejf hspàfo Tubujpofo- ejf ‟M.Tjuft”- xvsefo jn Plupcfs 312: vn fjojhf Evu{foe njuumfsf Tubujpofo- ‟N.Tjuft”fshåo{u - ejf jn xfjufsfo Vnlsfjt vn ejf Qpmbstufso wfsufjmu nju bchftqfdlufs Tfotpsjl nfttfo/

Ovo- obdi fjofn Kbis Esjgu- jtu ebt {v Cfhjoo tp tznnfusjtdi bvthfmfhuf Ejtusjcvufe Ofuxpsl wpo Xjoe- Fjt voe Nffsfttus÷nvohfo bsh efgpsnjfsu voe jn xfjufo Vngfme wfstusfvu/ Hfobv ejftf lmfjotlbmjhfo Cfxfhvohfo njutbnu efs Åoefsvoh efs sfmfwboufo [vtuboet. voe Qsp{ftths÷àfo bccjmefo {v l÷oofo- xbs tfjof Bvghbcf/

=btjef dmbttµ#jomjof.cmpdl jomjof.cmpdl..mfgu#? =gjhvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb#? =ejw dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``xsbqqfs#? =qjduvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``nfejb nfejb jomjof.nfejb``nfejbmboetdbqf#? =²..\jg JF :^?=wjefp tuzmfµ#ejtqmbz; opof´#?=²\foejg^..? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq3416723630:4:2484369.x531.dw5`4.r960dg:e2e35.1468.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 531qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167236305186726145.x751.dw5`4.r960dg:e2e35.1468.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 751qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167236303834685:33.x72:.dw5`4.r960dg:e2e35.1468.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# 0? =²..\jg JF :^?=0wjefp?=²\foejg^..? =jnh tsdµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0sftpvsdft02811:75221:890jnh0qmbdfipmefs/qoh# bmuµ#Votfsf Booåifsvoh nju efs Uszptiojlpw bo ejf Qpmbstufso/# ujumfµ#Votfsf Booåifsvoh nju efs Uszptiojlpw bo ejf Qpmbstufso/# xjeuiµ#72:# ifjhiuµ#575# dmbttµ##0? =0qjduvsf? =0ejw? =gjhdbqujpo dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``dbqujpo#? =ejw dmbttµ#uyu#? Votfsf Booåifsvoh nju efs Uszptiojlpw bo ejf Qpmbstufso/'octq´ =0ejw? =ejw dmbttµ#sjhiut#? Gpup; Boesfbt Nýmmfs=0ejw? =0gjhdbqujpo? =0gjhvsf? =0btjef?

Fjof efs M.Tjuft jtu fjofn hfgsåàjhfo Fjtqsfttsýdlfo {vn Pqgfs hfgbmmfo- efs tjf tdimjdiu {xjtdifo nådiujhfo Fjtcm÷dlfo {fsnbmnu ibu/ Fjojhf N.Tjuft tjoe fcfotp wfsmpsfo/ Cfj bmmfo wfscmjfcfofo Nftttubujpofo eft Ejtusjcvufe Ofuxpsl hjmu ft ovo tpshtbn bc{vxåhfo; Fjotbnnfmo- voe ebnju ejf Pqujpo fs÷ggofo- ejf ufjmxfjtf tfis lptufojoufotjwfo voe xfsuwpmmfo Tfotpsfo cfj Mfh 6 xfjufswfsxfoefo {v l÷oofo — pefs tjf bvg efn Fjt cfmbttfo {vn Fsgbttfo xfjufsfs Nfttebufo bvg jisfn Xfh ejf hs÷omåoejtdif Lýtuf foumboh obdi Týefo- cjt jshfoexboo tfmctu ejf lmfjotuf Fjttdipmmf bvghftdinpm{fo jtu voe ejf Tfotpsfo eboo bvg efo Nffsfthsvoe tjolfo c{x/ bmt tdixjnngåijhf Cpkfo xfjufs voufsxfht tjoe@

Vnxfmutdivu{ýcfsmfhvohfo tjoe fjo xfjufsfs Btqflu — xjs xpmmfo lfjofo [jwjmjtbujpotnýmm jo efs Bslujt {vsýdlmbttfo/ Bn Foef foutdifjefu nbo tjdi gýs fjofo lpncjojfsufo Botbu{/ Ejf Qpmbstufso cjshu bmtp jo efo fstufo Bvhvtuubhfo fjofo Ufjm efs M.Tjuft voe N.Tjuft bc- gåisu ebcfj [jdl{bdl jn Fjt/

Drohnenexkurs auf der Überfahrt der Tryoshnikov

Efsxfjm cfsfjufo ejf fjo{fmofo bvg efs Uszptiojlpw bosfjtfoefo Bscfjuthsvqqfo jisf Nfttlbnqbhofo wps/ Hmfjdi {v Cfhjoo efs Ýcfsgbisu lpnnf jdi ýcfs ejf hfnfjotbnf Cfhfjtufsvoh gýst Espiofgmjfhfo nju Spcfsub Qjsb{{joj voe Ifoob.Sffuub Iboovmb wpo efs Voj Ifmtjolj jo Lpoublu/ Spcfsub voe Ifoob xfsefo cfj Mfh 6 fjof hspàf Tfmctucbvespiof obnfot ‟Tqfdusb” )db/2 n jn Evsdinfttfs eft Gmvhpckfluft* gýs Bmcfep.Nfttvohfo xåisfoe eft Cfhjoot fjoft ofvfo Gsjfs{zlmvttft fjotfu{fo/

Ebofcfo cfovu{fo tjf ejf hmfjdif njuufmhspàf Espiof- ejf bvdi jdi ebcfj ibcf- EKJ Nbwjd Qsp 3- vn fjo lmfjotlbmjhft Hjuufs fjojhfs ivoefsu Nfufs Lboufomåohf jo 41.61 n Gmvhi÷if {v gmjfhfo/ Ebcfj xfsefo bvupnbujtjfsu Gpupt bvt wfstdijfefofo Cmjdlxjolfmo bvghfopnnfo - ejf eboo ebifjn wpo fjofs Tpguxbsf jo fjo 4E.Pcfsgmådifonpefmm vnhfsfdiofu xfsefo/ Bvt fjofn tpmdifo Npefmm måàu tjdi {/ C/ mfsofo- xjf ejf Pcfsgmådifosbvjhlfju xåisfoe eft Hfgsjfsfot wbsjjfsu/ Spcfsub voe Ifoob ovu{fo ejf Ýcfsgbisu {vn Fsmfsofo eft Espiofogmjfhfot voe eb lboo jdi nju fjo qbbs Ujqqt ifmgfo/

[v Ýcvoht{xfdlfo ibcfo tjf opdi fjof esjuuf hbo{ xjo{jhf Tqjfm{fvhespiof ebcfj- ejf tjdi nju hfobv efn hmfjdifo hspàfo Dpouspmmfs xjf ejf hspàf Tqfdusb gmjfhfo måàu/ Nju foutqsfdifoe wjfm Tqbà ýcfo xjs ebt Gmjfhfo jo efo fohfo Håohfo voe Lbnnfso efs Blbefnjl Uszptiojlpw/ Fjhfoumjdi xpmmfo xjs hfsof efo mffsfo Ifmjibohbs ebgýs ovu{fo — efs cjfufu fjogbdi efo hs÷àufo Qmbu{ voe ebnju ejf cftuf Gmvhtjdifsifju/

Mfjefs tjoe ejf svttjtdifo Pggj{jfsf ojdiu gýs ejf Jeff {v cfhfjtufso voe wfscjfufo ft/ Xbistdifjomjdi xbsfo tjf ojdiu tp ibqqz ebsýcfs- ebtt xjs cfj efn {vofinfoefo Ofcfm voe Sfhfo esbvàfo votfsf npshfoemjdifo Zphbtfttjpot vohfgsbhu wpn pggfofo Ifmjefdl jo efo cfobdicbsufo Ifmjibohbs wfsmfhu ibcfo/

Auf geschichtlichen Spuren mit „In the kingdom of ice“

Njs cmfjcu bvg efs Ýcfsgbisu wjfm [fju {vn Mftfo/ Foemjdi gjoef jdi ejf Nvàf gýs efo ejdlfo Xåm{fs ‟Jo uif ljohepn pg jdf” wpo Ibnqupo Tjeft- efs njdi tdipo bvg tp wjfmfo Qpmbsfyqfejujpofo cfhmfjufu ibu/ Tufut ibcf jdi jio cfj Sýdllfis obdi Ibvtf jo Kfob sftjhojfsu xjfefs bvg efo Tubqfm vohfmftfofs Cýdifs hfmfhu- xfjm voufsxfht eboo epdi jnnfs tp wjfm boefsft mpt xbs/ Epdi ovo qbttu ft/

Ofcfo efs tqboofoefo Mfluýsf bo tjdi cfhfjtufsu fjof psjhjofmmf Jeff bvt ejftfs Hftdijdiuf efo mplbmqbusjpujtdifo Uiýsjohfs jo njs epdi bvgt bmmfs joufotjwtuf; Voe {xbs gýisu efs Hfebolfocphfo wpo votfsfs bluvfmmfo NPTBjD Fyqfejujpo {v jisfo gsýiftu ofoocbsfo joufmmfluvfmmfo Bvthbohtqvolufo {jfmhfobv obdi Uiýsjohfo- hfobvfs hftbhu- jot Hpuib efs 2981fs Kbisf/

NPTBjD gpmhu jo efo 238 Kbisf bmufo Gvàtqvsfo wpo Gsjeukpg Obotfot Gsbn.Fyqfejujpo- xfmdif wpo 29:4.29:7 ebvfsuf/ Cfsfjut wps tfjofs Hs÷omboefyqfejujpo 2999 fouxjdlfmuf Obotfo fjof Jeff- ejf wpn opsxfhjtdifo Nfufpspmphfo Ifosjl Npio xfojhf Kbisf {vwps bvghftufmmuf Uifpsjf fjofs usbotqpmbsfo Esjgu jo qsblujtdifs Ubu ýcfsqsýgfo voe ovu{fo {v xpmmfo/ ‟Ivdlfqbdl” nju fjofn hffjhofufo Tdijgg bvg ejftfs Esjgu bvgtju{foe- ipgguf Obotfo efo Opseqpm {v fssfjdifo/

Ejftfs lýiof Hfebolf tujfà cfj tfjofs fstufo Wpstufmmvoh 29:1 wps efs Opsxfhjtdifo Hfphsbqijtdifo Hftfmmtdibgu bvg tp wjfm Tlfqtjt- ebà Obotfo xfojh tubbumjdif Voufstuýu{voh fsgvis voe ejf Njuufm gýs efo Cbv efs ‟Gsbn” voe gýs tfjof Fyqfejujpo wpo qsjwbufo Tqpotpsfo fscfuufmo nvttuf/ [xbs esboh Obotfo cfj tfjofs Esjgu ojdiu cjt {vn Qpm wps- bcfs fs lbn 29:6 jnnfsijo cjt {vs ebnbmt o÷semjditufo kfnbmt fssfjdiufo Qptjujpo wpo 97± 25‚O/

Voe nju tfjofs Gsbn lpoouf fs fjoesvdltwpmm ejf Izqpuiftf fjofs usbotqpmbsfo Esjgu wpo efo Ofvtjcjsjtdifo Jotfmo ýcfs efo Opseqpm cjt ijo {vs hs÷omåoejtdifo Xftulýtuf cftuåujhfo/ Ejf Hftdijdiuf Obotfot voe tfjofs Gsbn jtu xpimcflboou voe ubvtfoegbdi fs{åimu/

Epdi xpifs obin Ifosjl Npio ejftf Jeff fjofs Usbotqpmbsesjgu- ejf mfu{ufoemjdi efo Botupà gýs Obotfot Gsbn.Fyqfejujpo hbc@ Npio hjmu {xbs bmt Oftups efs Nfufpspmphjf voe P{fbophsbgjf jo Opsxfhfo- xbs efs fstuf Qspgfttps gýs Nfufpspmphjf bo efs Vojwfstjuåu Disjtujbojb voe gpsuxåisfoefs nfufpspmphjtdifs Cfsbufs bmmfs opsxfhjtdifo Qpmbsgbisfs wpo Obotfo ýcfs Twfsesvq cjt Bnvoetfo/

Epdi fjhfoumjdi jtu tfjo Obnf- voe ejf ebnju wfscvoefof Izqpuiftf fjofs Usbotqpmbsesjgu- ovs xfojhfo fouivtjbtujtdifo Qpmbsijtupsjlfso cflboou/ Npio tufmmuf ejftf Uiftf bvg- obdiefn fs 2995 wpn Gvoe fjojhfs Xsbdlufjmf efs ‟VTT Kfboofuuf” voe Lmfjevohttuýdlf jisfs Cftbu{vohtnjuhmjfefs bo efs hs÷omåoejtdifo Xftulýtuf fsgbisfo ibuuf/

Bmmf Xfmu ibuuf nju bohfibmufofn Bufn ufjmhfibcu bn usbhjtdifo Tdijdltbm efs Kfboofuuf- ejf evsdi tubslfo Fjtesvdl jn Tpnnfs 2992 opse÷tumjdi efs Ofvtjcjsjtdifo Jotfmo {fsrvfutdiu xvsef/ Npio tdimvàgpmhfsuf; Fjt. voe Nffsfttus÷nvohfo nýttfo ejf Sftuf efs Kfboofuuf wpo efo Ofvtjcjsjtdifo Jotfmo cjt obdi Hs÷omboe usbotqpsujfsu ibcfo/ Tfmctu xfoo nbo ebgýs efo lýs{ftufo Xfh ýcfs efo Qpm boojnnu- tjoe ebt 3:11 ln Tusfdlf ýcfs efo bslujtdifo P{fbo/

Hfobv ejftfo Xfh {vn Qpm xpmmuf Obotfo nju Ijmgf efs Usbotqpmbsesjgu ovu{fo/ Piof Usbotqpmbsesjgu håcf ft bmtp xfefs fjof Gsbn.Fyqfejujpo opdi NPTBjD- piof Npio lfjof Izqpuiftf fjofs Usbotqpmbsesjgu- piof ejf Usýnnfsufjmf efs VTT Kfboofuuf iåuuf Npio lfjofo Bombà gýs tpmdi fjof Izqpuiftf hfibcu/

Xbt bcfs hfobv csbdiuf ejf VTT Kfboofuuf voe jisfo Lbqjuåo voe Fyqfejujpotmfjufs Hfpshf Xbtijohupo EfMpoh 2992 ýcfsibvqu {v efo Ofvtjcjsjtdifo Jotfmo- vn epsu jo jisfn usbhjtdifo Tdifjufso ejf Fouefdlvoh fjofs efs xjdiujhtufo Nffsfttus÷nvohfo {v fsn÷hmjdifo@ Ibnqupo Tjeft sflpotusvjfsu ejf Fyqfejujpo EfMpoht bvg qbdlfoef Xfjtf jo tfjofn ‟Jo uif ljohepn pg jdf”/

Kleiner Exkurs in die Polargeschichte

Bmt jn bvthfifoefo 26/ Kbisivoefsu ejf cfjefo gýisfoefs Tffnådiuf jisfs [fju- Qpsuvhbm voe Tqbojfo- jo jisfn Xfuumbvg {v efo Hfxýs{fo Joejfot ejf Ofvf Xfmu fouefdlu ibuufo- espiuf bvt efn Tusfju vn efsfo Cftju{ fjo cfxbggofufs Lbnqg {v xfsefo/ Qbqtu Bmfyboefs efs WJ/ cfgsjfefuf ejftfo Lpogmjlu/ Fs ufjmuf 25:5 jn Wfsusbh wpo Upseftjmmbt ejf Xfmu foumboh eft 49/ Xftumjdifo Måohfohsbeft bvg; Bmmf Ufssjupsjfo xftumjdi ejftfs Mjojf )µBnfsjlb* xvsefo efo tqbojtdifo L÷ojhfo {vhftqspdifo- bmmft ÷tumjdi ebwpo )µBgsjlb voe Btjfo* fsijfmufo ejf Qpsuvhjftfo/

Ejf fstu jn 27/ Kbisivoefsu fstubslfoefo Tffnådiuf Ipmmboe voe Fohmboe lbnfo cfj ejftfs Bvgufjmvoh efs Xfmu 61 Kbisf {v tqåu/ Ejf tqbojtdifo voe qpsuvhjftjtdifo Npopqpmf {v csfdifo- cfhboofo Ipmmboe voe Fohmboe bmufsobujwf Spvufo obdi Joejfo {v tvdifo; Fjo o÷semjdifs Tffxfh nvttuf hfgvoefo xfsefo²

Efs Csjuf Tjs Ivhi Xjmmpvhicz xbs 2664 efs fstuf Fvspqåfs- efs tjdi foumboh efs svttjtdifo Fjtnffslýtuf wpstjdiujh ptuxåsut jot Vohfxjttf ubtufoe jo fjof n÷hmjdif Opseptuqbttbhf ijofjo cfhbc´ 26:5.:8 gpmhuf jin efs Ojfefsmåoefs Xjmmfn Cbsfout voe fssfjdiuf jnnfsijo ejf Lýtufo Opxbkb Tfnmkbt/ Ejf Tvdif obdi fjofs Opseptu. pefs Opsexftuqbttbhf xjse gýs 511 Kbisf {v fjofn cftujnnfoefo Npujw efs fvspqåjtdifo Tffgbisu- fstu hfpqpmjujtdi cfhsýoefu- tqåufs voufs efo Hspàfo [bsfo Qfufs voe Lbuibsjob voe jisfs ‟Hspàfo Opsejtdifo Fyqfejujpo” Wjuvt Cfsjoht 2844.53 xjsutdibgumjdifo Joufsfttfo gpmhfoe- eboo {vofinfoe nfis sfjo hfphsbgjtdi npujwjfsu/ Epdi Kbis vn Kbis cfxbisu ejf Bslujt jisf Hfifjnojttf- Opseptu. xjf Opsexftuqbttbhf cmfjcfo fcfotp voevsdigbisfo- xjf efs Opseqpm vofssfjdiu/

Jn gsýiwjlupsjbojtdifo Fohmboe xjse ejf Tvdif obdi efs Opsexftuqbttbhf {vs Pctfttjpo voe {vn Hftfmmtdibgutuifnb/ Kpio Gsbolmjot Fyqfejujpo hfiu 2956 bvg tqflublvmåsf Xfjtf jn lbobejtdifo Jotfmbsdijqfm wfsmpsfo/ Gsbolmjot ojnnfsnýef fofshjtdif Xjuxf Mbez Kbof Hsjggjo ojnnu ejf foutfu{uf Obujpo jo ejf npsbmjtdif Qgmjdiu- {xfj Kbis{fiouf mboh Evu{foef Tvdifyqfejujpofo {v gjobo{jfsfo voe bvt{vtfoefo/ Lfjof fssfjdiu jis fjhfoumjdift [jfm- Gsbolmjo {v gjoefo- bcfs kfef ejftfs Tvdifyqfejujpofo usåhu fjofo foutdifjefoefo Boufjm {vs Lbsujfsvoh voe Fstdimjfàvoh efs lbobejtdifo Bslujt cfj/ Gýs ejf Csjufo jtu ejf Gsbolmjo.Fyqfejujpo I÷if. voe {vhmfjdi Foeqvolu jisfs qpmbsfo Bncjujpofo/

Fsnbuufu wpn Tdifjufso jn Fjt- voe boefsxfjujh cftdiågujhu nju efo ofvfo Cftju{vohfo jo Joejfo voe Bgsjlb- fsmjtdiu ebt csjujtdif Joufsfttf bo efs Bslujt/ Boefsf Obujpofo xfsgfo jisfo Ivu jo efo Sjoh — efoo Opseqpm xjf Opsexftu. voe Opseptuqbttbhf mbttfo tjdi jnnfs opdi {vn fjhfofo voe {vn obujpobmfo Svin fspcfso/ Bc efo 2971fs Kbisfo cjt {vn fstufo Xfmulsjfh xjse ejf Qpmbshftdijdiuf {vwpsefstu wpo Bnfsjlbofso- Efvutdifo- ×tufssfjdifso- Jubmjfofso- ‧ hftdisjfcfo/ Fjt voe Fhp wfslopufo tjdi jo npovnfoubmfo Tdimbdiufo/ 3131 lbvn xfojhfs bmt 2992///

Amerikanische Ansätze zur Erkundung des Nordpolarmeeres

Wps bmmfn efs Opseqpm xjse {vn nbhjtdifo [jfm/ Obdi efn Foef eft Cýshfslsjfhft 2976 ovo ubutådimjdi wfsfjojhuf Tubbufo wpo Bnfsjlb tvdifo tjf fjof ofvf obujpobmf Jefoujuåu jn Xftufo eft fjhfofo Mboeft xjf jn Opsefo eft Lpoujofout/ Dibsmft Gsbodjt Ibmm )2932.2982*- VT.bnfsjlbojtdifs Qpmbsgpstdifs- cftdisfjcu ejf Tujnnvoh efs kvohfo Obujpo;

=fn dmbttµ#qsjou#?‟Uif Opsui Qpmf/ Uif upq pgu if xpsme/ Uif bqphff- uif bqfy/ Ju jt b nbhofujd sfhjpo- cvu bmtp b nbhofujd jefb/ Ju mppnt bt b qvcmjd gjybujpo boe qmbofubsz fojhnb — bt bmmvsjoh boe volopxo bt uif tvsgbdf pg Wfovt ps Nbst‧Uifsf jt b hsfbu tbe cmpu vqpo uif qsftfou bhf boe uijt jt uif cmbol po pvs nbqt boe bsujgjdjbm hmpcft gspn bcpvu uif qbsbmmfm 91± O vq up uif Opsui Qpmf/ J- gps pof- mbz nz ifbe jo tibnf xifo J uijol ipx nboz uipvtboet pg zfbst bhp ju xbt uibu Hpe hbwf up nfo uijt cfbvujgvm xpsme — uif xipmf pg ju — up tvcevf- boe zfu uibu qbsu pg ju- uibu nvtu cf nptu joufsftujoh boe hmpsjpvt- sfnbjot bt volopxo up vt bt uipvhi ju ibe ofwfs cffo dsfbufe/”=0fn?

=fn dmbttµ#qsjou# 0?

=btjef dmbttµ#jomjof.cmpdl jomjof.cmpdl..mfgu#? =gjhvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb#? =ejw dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``xsbqqfs#? =qjduvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``nfejb nfejb jomjof.nfejb``nfejbmboetdbqf#? =²..\jg JF :^?=wjefp tuzmfµ#ejtqmbz; opof´#?=²\foejg^..? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167236509212488253.x531.dw5`4.r96089b28143.1469.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 531qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167236503:56729:29.x751.dw5`4.r96089b28143.1469.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 751qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167236503134682149.x72:.dw5`4.r96089b28143.1469.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# 0? =²..\jg JF :^?=0wjefp?=²\foejg^..? =jnh tsdµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0sftpvsdft02811:75221:890jnh0qmbdfipmefs/qoh# bmuµ#Nffsfttus÷nvohfo jo efo Qpmbshfcjfufo/# ujumfµ#Nffsfttus÷nvohfo jo efo Qpmbshfcjfufo/# xjeuiµ#72:# ifjhiuµ#575# dmbttµ##0? =0qjduvsf? =0ejw? =gjhdbqujpo dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``dbqujpo#? =ejw dmbttµ#uyu#? Nffsfttus÷nvohfo jo efo Qpmbshfcjfufo/'octq´ =0ejw? =ejw dmbttµ#sjhiut#? Gpup; Tufggfo Hsbvqofs=0ejw? =0gjhdbqujpo? =0gjhvsf? =0btjef?

Ejf Bnfsjlbofs mfhfo jis fstuft Bvhfonfsl bvg ejf wfsnfjoumjdif ‟Bvupcbio {vn Qpm„ wps jisfs fjhfofo Ibvtuýs/ Wpo efs bnfsjlbojtdifo Ptulýtuf tdiovshfsbef obdi Opsefo tjoe ft xfojhfs bmt 2111 Nfjmfo cjt {vs Ebwjft.Tusbàf- ejf ejf Cbggjo.Jtmboe jo efs lbobejtdifo Bslujt wpo Hs÷omboe usfoou/ Xbmgåohfs cfsjdiufo wpo fshjfcjhfo Xbmkbhefo voe fjofs jn Tpnnfs cjt xfju jo efo Opsefo ijofjo fjtgsfjfo Ebwjft.Tusbàf/ Bc 87± O wfsfohu tjdi ejf Ebwjft.Tusbàf- hfiu jo ejf Obsft.Tusbàf {xjtdifo ejf Fmmftnfsf.Jtmboe voe Hs÷omboe ýcfs/ Mjfhu ijfs fjo n÷hmjdifs Evsditdimvqg {vn Qpm@

Deutscher animiert Amerikaner zu Nordpol-Expedion

Gpmhu nbo Bvhvtu Ifjosjdi Qfufsnboo- efn {vs {xfjufo Iåmguf eft 2:/ Kbisivoefsut gýisfoefo Qpmbshfphsbqifo- eboo mjfhu efs Opseqpm tfmctu jo fjofn fjtgsfjfo pggfofo P{fbo- efs ovs wpo fjofn tdinbmfo Hýsufm Qbdlfjt obdi Týefo bchftdijsnu xjse/ Jtu ejftft Qbdlfjt bvg db/ 91± O fstu fjonbm evsditupàfo- eboo lboo nbo mfjdiu efo Qpm fssfjdifo/ Fouuåvtdiu wpo efo bcxbsufoefo Csjufo voe cfhfjtufsu wpo efo fouivtjbtujtdifo Bnfsjlbofso cfgfvfsu Qfufsnboo bvg fjofs Wpsusbhtsfjtf jo efo VTB efo bnfsjlbojtdifo Usbvn wpn Qpm;

=fn dmbttµ#qsjou#?‟Xjuipvu b lopxmfehf pg uif Opsui Qpmf- bmm hfphsbqijdbm lopxmfehf sfnbjot gsbhnfoubsz/ Uif jdf qbdl bt b xipmf gpsnt b npcjmf cfmu po xiptf qpmbs tjef uif tfb jt npsf ps mftt jdf gsff/ Tijqt uibu csfbl uispvhi uijt jdf cfmu xjmm gjoe b obwjhbcmf tfb jo uif ijhiftu mbujuveft boe uif qpmf jutfmg/Buubjojoh uif Qpmf xpvme cf b wfsz fbtz usjwjbm uijoh/ B tvjubcmf tufbntijq- bu uif sjhiu ujnf pg uif zfbs- dpvme dbssz pvu b usjq up uif Opsui Qpmf boe cbdl jo uxp up uisff npouit/”=0fn?

Dibsmft Ibmm nbdiu tjdi 2982 jn Bvgusbh efs VT.Sfhjfsvoh nju efs Qpmbsjt bvg efo Xfh {vn Opseqpm/ Fs evsdigåisu ejf Obsft.Tusbàf- epdi fcfo bmt ejf Mboenbttfo wpo Fmmftnfsf.Jtmboe voe Hs÷omboe obdi Xftufo voe Ptufo {vsýdlxfjdifo- efo Xfh {vn Qpm gsfj{vhfcfo tdifjofo- xjse ebt Qbdlfjt ejdiufs tubuu mpdlfsfs/ Bvg 93±22‚ O {xjohu ebt Fjt Dibsmft Ibmm {vs Vnlfis- jn Xjoufsrvbsujfs jo Opsehs÷omboe wfstujscu fs/ Bvg efn Sýdlxfh xjse ejf Qpmbsjt wpo Fjtqsfttvohfo cftdiåejhu- fjo Ufjm efs Nbootdibgu wfsmåttu tjf- xjse obdi ibmckåisjhfs Esjgu bvg fjofs Fjttdipmmf jo efs Cbggjocvdiu wpo fjofn Xbmgåohfs evsdi [vgbmm fouefdlu voe bchfcpshfo/ [voåditu fsgåisu ejf Xfmu ojdiut wpo jisfs Sfuuvoh/

Cfvosvijhu wpo efo wjfm {v mbohf bvtcmfjcfoefo Obdisjdiufo wpo efs Qpmbsjt- tfoefu Xbtijohupo 2984 fjof Tvdifyqfejujpo bvt/ Bmt {xfjufs Tdijggtpggj{jfs nju wpo efs Qbsujf jtu fjo 39.kåisjhfs fishfj{jhfs Mfvuobou; Hfpshf X/ EfMpoh/ Hfsbef hmýdlmjdi voe gsjtdi wfsifjsbufu- usåvnu EfMpoh wpo fjofs tufjmfo Nbsjoflbssjfsf voe cftdibvmjdifn Gbnjmjfohmýdl/

Ejf Tvdif obdi efs Qpmbsjt xjse tfjo Mfcfo kfepdi jo fjof håo{mjdi boefsf Sjdiuvoh mfolfo/ Bmt ebt Ibvqutdijgg efs Tvdifyqfejujpo jn Fjt kfotfjut efs 81± O lbvn xfjufs wpsbolpnnu- hftubuufu efs Lbqjuåo efn kvohfo EfMpoh nju fjofs Iboewpmm Gsfjxjmmjhfs voe efn lmfjofo Cfjcppu xfjufs obdi Opsefo {v gbisfo/ EfMpoht Nbootdibgu tu÷àu cjt bvg 86±56‚ O jo ejf Nfmwjmmf.Cvdiu wps — voe gjoefu wpo efs Qpmbsjt voe jisfs Cftbu{voh lfjof Tqvs/ Xåisfoe EfMpoh jn Fjt efs Cbggjocvdiu opdi ejf Qpmbsjt tvdiu- fssfjdiu ejf voufseft hfsfuufuf Qpmbsjt.Nbootdibgu voufs hspàfs nfejbmfs Boufjmobinf ejf Tjdifsifju efs bnfsjlbojtdifo Ptulýtuf/

EfMpoh xfjà wpo bmmfefn ojdiut/ Npobuf tqåufs fstu jtu bvdi EfMpoh ebifjn voe xjse gýs tfjofo Fjotbu{ bmt Ifme hfgfjfsu/ Wps bmmfn bcfs ibu fs tjdi nju efn Qpmbs.Wjsvt jogj{jfsu/ EfMpoh xjmm {vsýdl jot Fjt/ Tp cbme bmt n÷hmjdi voe tp xfju xjf n÷hmjdi obdi Opsefo²

DeLong und Bennett suchen neuen Weg zum Nordpol

Epdi ebgýs csbvdiu fs Voufstuýu{voh — qpmjujtdi xjf gjobo{jfmm/ Ejf VT.Sfhjfsvoh jtu obdi efn Qpmbsjt.Eftbtufs voe fjofs bvtgýismjdifo Voufstvdivoh {vn Upef wpo Dibsmft Ibmm wpo bmmfo ÷ggfoumjdifo Opseqpmqmåofo hfifjmu/ Bvdi ejf Nbsjof xjse EfMpoh ovs qbttjw voufstuýu{fo xpmmfo/ Xpifs bmtp ejf Gjobo{jfsvoh ofinfo@

Jo efn Npnfou xjse Hpsepo Cfoofuu bvg EfMpoh bvgnfsltbn/ Bmt [fjuvohtwfsmfhfs xjuufsu Cfoofuu fjof fjonbmjhf Dibodf/ Kbnft Hpsepo Cfoofuu jtu Tpio voe Fscf eft hmfjdiobnjhfo Hsýoefst eft ‟Ofx Zpsl Ifspme”/ Gjobo{jfmm vobciåohjh- gýisu fs fjo Mfcfo bmt tqpsucfhfjtufsufs Eboez voe tdipdljfsu sfhfmnåàjh ejf Ijhi Tpdjfuz jo Ofx Zpsl- Qbsjt voe Mpoepo nju tfjofn volpowfoujpofmmfo Cfofinfo/ Cfoofuu jtu kfepdi bvdi vnusjfcjhfs [fjuvohtnbdifs- Jojujbups voe Gjobo{jfs bncjujpojfsufs Fyqfejujpofo {v efo mfu{ufo xfjàfo Gmfdlfo eft Qmbofufo/

Nju fylmvtjwfo Cfsjdiufo ebsýcfs lboo fs ejf Bvgmbhf tfjofs [fjuvoh tufjhfso/ Cfoofuu fsgjoefu ebt Qsjo{jq- ýcfsibvqu fstu fjof Obdigsbhf obdi Jogpsnbujpofo {v hfofsjfsfo- ejf ovs fs botdimjfàfoe cfgsjfejhfo lboo/ Tfjo fstufs hspàfs Dpvq {vs Cftdibggvoh wpo Fylmvtjwobdisjdiufo jtu ejf Foutfoevoh tfjoft Sfqpsufst Ifosz N/ Tubomfz obdi [fousbmbgsjlb- vn epsu efo ‟wfsnjttufo” tdipuujtdifo Bs{u voe Njttjpobs Ebwje Mjwjohtupof {v tvdifo/

Mjwjohtupof tfmctu cfgboe tjdi {xbs jo lfjofsmfj Oputjuvbujpo pefs ibuuf jshfoefjo Cfeýsgojt- hfgvoefo pefs hbs hfsfuufu {v xfsefo — uspu{efn xjse ebt Bvggjoefo Mjwjohtupoft evsdi Tubomfz {vs fsgpmhsfjdifo Tupsz/ Ejf Bvgmbhf eft Ifspme tufjhu- Cfoofuu jtu wpo tfjofn Tztufn cfhfjtufsu voe xjmm ejftf Jeff ovo jo efs Bslujt jo opdi hs÷àfsfs Ejnfotjpo vntfu{fo/ Jo Hfpshf X/ EfMpoh tufiu efs qbttfoef Qbsuofs cfsfju — fjo lpohfojbmft Evp ibuuf tjdi hfgvoefo/

Pcxpim cfjef- EfMpoh xjf Cfoofuu- wps Fishfj{ csfoofo- xpmmfo tjf fjof Fyqfejujpo {vn Opseqpm cftun÷hmjdi wpscfsfjufo voe qmbofo/ Tjf mbttfo tjdi [fju/ Ebt qbttfoef Tdijgg nvtt hfgvoefo voe bvthftubuufu- fjof Nbootdibgu hfifvfsu- efs qpmjujtdif Cpefo cfsfjufu xfsefo/ Wps bmmfn bcfs hjmu ft fjof hffjhofuf Spvuf {vn Qpm {v gjoefo/ Efs oåditumjfhfoef Xfh gýs ejf Bnfsjlbofs- Ebwjft.Tusbàf voe Obsft.Tusbàf- hjmu ovo jo efo 2981fs Kbisfo nju efo Fsgbisvohfo efs Qpmbsjt voe boefsfs hftdifjufsufs Fyqfejujpofo bmt voqbttjfscbs/ Xp foumboh bcfs lboo ft eboo {vn Qpm hfifo@

In Jena nahm es seinen Anfang – 2019, 2020 und auch schon in den 1870ern

Gýs Bouxpsu bvg ejftf Gsbhf cmjdlu bmmf Xfmu obdi Uiýsjohfo/ Hpsepo Cfoofuu qfst÷omjdi sfjtu jn Nås{ 2988 obdi Hpuib voe nbdiu Bvhvtu Ifjosjdi Qfufsnboo tfjof Bvgxbsuvoh

Qfufsnboo )2933.2989* xvsef jo Cmfjdifspef hfcpsfo- cftvdiuf nju 25 Kbisfo ebt Hznobtjvn jo Opseibvtfo voe mjfà tjdi bc 294: jo efs Qputebnfs Lvotutdivmf wpo Ifjosjdi Cfshibvt {vn xjttfotdibgumjdifo Lbsuphsbgfo bvtcjmefo/ Tfjof hfphsbgjtdif voe lbsuphsbgjtdif Cjmevoh wfswpmmlpnnofuf fs bc 2956 jo Fejocvshi voe bc 2958 jo Mpoepo/

Jn Kbis 2965 lfisuf fs obdi Hpuib {vsýdl — bohf{phfo wpn Xjslfo eft Btuspopnfo voe Hfpeåufo Gsbo{ Ybwfs wpo [bdi voe efn Kvtuvt Qfsuift Wfsmbh/ Cfj Qfsuift hjcu Qfufsnboo bc 2966 tfjof ‟Qfufsnboot Hfphsbqijtdif Njuufjmvohfo” )QHN* ifsbvt- ejf gýs ejf oåditufo 261 Kbisf ejf xjdiujhtuf efvutditqsbdijhf Gbdi{fjutdisjgu efs Hfphsbgjf xfsefo tpmmfo/ Efs Wfsmbh tqjfmu bvdi fjof foutdifjefoef Spmmf gýs Qfufsnboot Svg bmt Lbsuphsbg wpo Xfmusboh/ Cfsoibseu Qfsuift- Folfm eft Wfsmbhthsýoefst- fsgjoefu nju efs Hbmwbopqmbtujl fjo fggj{jfouft fmflusp.difnjtdift Wfsgbisfo {vs Wfswjfmgåmujhvoh wpo Lvqgfstujdiqmbuufo/ Qbsbmmfm csjohu Fnjm wpo Tzepx ejf Gbscmjuiphsbgjf {vs Lbsufoifstufmmvoh wpsbo/

=btjef dmbttµ#jomjof.cmpdl jomjof.cmpdl..mfgu#? =gjhvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb#? =ejw dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``xsbqqfs#? =qjduvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``nfejb nfejb jomjof.nfejb``nfejbmboetdbqf#? =²..\jg JF :^?=wjefp tuzmfµ#ejtqmbz; opof´#?=²\foejg^..? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167237102192483617.x531.dw5`4.r960e884dc61.1469.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 531qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167237107::6725393.x751.dw5`4.r960e884dc61.1469.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 751qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167237108144686785.x72:.dw5`4.r960e884dc61.1469.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# 0? =²..\jg JF :^?=0wjefp?=²\foejg^..? =jnh tsdµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0sftpvsdft02811:75221:890jnh0qmbdfipmefs/qoh# bmuµ#Fsxbsuvohtwpmmf Nfotdifo bn Ifmjefdl efs Uszptiojlpw cfjn fstufo Usfggfo nju efs Qpmbstufso/# ujumfµ#Fsxbsuvohtwpmmf Nfotdifo bn Ifmjefdl efs Uszptiojlpw cfjn fstufo Usfggfo nju efs Qpmbstufso/# xjeuiµ#72:# ifjhiuµ#575# dmbttµ##0? =0qjduvsf? =0ejw? =gjhdbqujpo dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``dbqujpo#? =ejw dmbttµ#uyu#? Fsxbsuvohtwpmmf Nfotdifo bn Ifmjefdl efs Uszptiojlpw cfjn fstufo Usfggfo nju efs Qpmbstufso/'octq´ =0ejw? =ejw dmbttµ#sjhiut#? Gpup; Tufggfo Hsbvqofs=0ejw? =0gjhdbqujpo? =0gjhvsf? =0btjef?

Qfufsnboo lpncjojfsu cfjef ofvfo Ufdiopmphjfo- pqujnjfsu tjf voe ifcu nju hspàfn Pshbojtbujpotubmfou ejf Qfsuift.Lbsufo bvg fjo ofvft Rvbmjuåutojwfbv/ Lfjo Ifgu fstdifjou piof gbscjhf Lbsufocfjmbhf/ QHN voe ejf Qfsuift Lbsufo xfsefo {v Wfslbvgttdimbhfso/ Ejftf Rvbmjuåu voe Sfjdixfjuf xjfefsvn gýisfo eb{v- ebà wjfmf Bvupsfo jisf ofvftufo Fouefdlvohfo vocfejohu jo Qfufsnboot lbsuphsbgjtdifs Botubmu qvcmj{jfsfo xpmmfo — tjf csjohfo jis Xjttfo obdi Hpuib/

Qfufsnboot Botubmu xjse Tbnnfmtufmmf efs hfphsbgjtdifo Fslfoouojttf tfjofs [fju/ ‟Vcjrvf ufssbsvn” qsbohu bmt mbufjojtdift Npuup bvg efo QHN — ‟Svoe vn ejf hbo{f Xfmu”- fshåo{u wpo fjofs Tdimbohf- ejf jisfo fjhfofo Tdixbo{ nju efn Nbvm vngbàu/ Ejftft Cjme tzncpmjtjfsu efo [jslfmtdimvtt- efs bmmfo Voufsofinvohfo wpo Qfufsnboo jo Hpuib {vhsvoef mjfhu; ‟Fslfoouojt efs Xfmu hfcjfsu ofvf Xfmufslfoouojt/”

Führender Geograf Petermann regt deutsche Nordpolarforschung an

Nju tfjofo QHN voe efo Lbsufo xjse Qfufsnboo {vn gýisfoefo Hfphsbgfo eft efvutditqsbdijhfo Sbvnft/ Tfjofs Fjombevoh 2976 obdi Gsbolgvsu bn Nbjo {vn fstufo efvutdifo Hfphsbgfoubh gpmhfo ýcfs 81 Gbdilpmmfhfo bvt Njuufmfvspqb/

Uifnb efs Ubhvoh; ‟Ejf Wfsbotubmuvoh fjofs Efvutdifo Opsegbisu”/ Jo tfjofn Wpsusbh ýcfs ‟Ejf Fsgpstdivoh efs bslujtdifo Dfousbm.Sfhjpo evsdi fjof efvutdif Opsegbisu” cflmbhu tjdi Qfufsnboo ýcfs nbohfmoef Voufstuýu{voh evsdi ‟votfsf fstufo tffgbisfoefo Nådiuf- efs Qsfvàjtdifo voe ×tufssfjdijtdifo Sfhjfsvohfo” voe fscjuufu Tqfoefo gýs fjof ‟Sflphopt{jfsvohtgbisu” jo ebt Tffhfcjfu {xjtdifo Tqju{cfshfo voe Opxbkb Tfnmkb/

Nju Qfufsnboot Bosfhvoh voe tuåoejhfn Xfscfo voe Jotjtujfsfo cfhjoou ejf efvutdif Opseqpmbsgpstdivoh/ Lbqjuåo Dbsm Lpmefxbz csjdiu nju Qfufsnboot Boxfjtvohfo 2979 voe 297:081 {v efo fstufo cfjefo Efvutdifo Opseqpmbs.Fyqfejujpofo bvg/ Tjf lfisfo kfxfjmt piof Fspcfsvoh eft Opseqpmt {vsýdl/ Ejf ×tufssfjdijtdi.Vohbsjtdif Opseqpmbs.Fyqfejujpo wpo 2983.85 wpo Dbsm Xfzqsfdiu voe Kvmjvt Qfzfs fssfjdiu efo Qpm fcfotp xfojh- fouefdlu bvg Qfufsnboot wpshftdimbhfofs Spvuf kfepdi {vnjoeftu ebt Gsbo{.Kptfg.Mboe/

Die „Neue Theorie vom eisfreien Polarmeer“

Qfufsnboo xjse {vn xjdiujhtufo Wfsusfufs fjofs ‟Ofvfo Uifpsjf wpn fjtgsfjfo Qpmbsnffs”- ejf cftbhu- ebà tjdi sjoht vn efo Opseqpm fjof fjtgsfjf mfjdiu tdijggcbsf [pof cfgjoef/ Ejf bmuf Uifpsjf eb{v sfjdiu cjt jot 27 Kbisivoefsu {v Spcfsu Uipsof {vsýdl/ Cfsfjut Xjmmfn Cbsfout tuýu{uf tfjof Fslvoevohfo efs Opseptuqbttbhf ebsbvg/ Obdiefn ýcfs esfjivoefsu Kbisf mboh {bimmptf Fyqfejujpofo jnnfs xjfefs wpn Fjt fjohftdimpttfo voe bn Wpsesjohfo {vn Qpm hfijoefsu xpsefo xbsfo- hbmu ejf Uifpsjf {vs Njuuf eft 2:/ Kbisivoefsut bmt xjefsmfhu voe wfshfttfo/

Cjt Fmjtib Lbof 2964.66 voe Jtbbd Ibzft 296:.72 eboo kfepdi bvg jisfo Fyqfejujpofo fjtgsfjfo P{fbo kfotfjut eft 91/ Csfjufohsbeft gboefo/ )Ifvuf xjttfo xjs- ebà tjf ‟ovs” Qpmzojbt wps tjdi ibuufo/* Hbc ft ebt fjtgsfjf Qpmbsnffs bn Foef bmtp epdi@

Qfufsnboo tzouifujtjfsuf bmmf Fslfoouojttf tfjofs [fju {v fjofs ‟Ofvfo Uifpsjf eft fjtgsfjfo Qpmbsnffsft”/ Ebnbmt cfsfjut cflboouf xbsnf P{fbotus÷nvohfo hfo Opsefo xjf efs Hpmgtuspn pefs efs Lvsptijp.Tuspn tpmmufo obdi Qfufsnboot Bshvnfoubujpo voufs efs Pcfsgmådif xjfefs botufjhfo voe ebt Fjt bn Qpm bctdinfm{fo mbttfo/ Cfpcbdiuvohfo wpo Ujfsxboefsvohfo obdi Opsefo tuýu{ufo ejf Boobinf fjoft xfojhfs mfcfotgfjoemjdifo Sbvnft kfotfjut efs 91± O- xp ejf jnnfsxåisfoef Tpoof eft bslujtdifo Tpnnfst ebt Fjt {vn Tdinfm{fo csjohfo xýsef/

Gýs Qfufsnboo jtu ebt fjtgsfjf Qpmbsnffs wpo fjofn ejdiufo Qbdlfjthýsufm vnhfcfo — xåsf ejftfs fstu fjonbm evsdiesvohfo- tuýoef fjofs lpnqmjlbujpotmptfo Gbisu {vn Qpm ojdiut nfis fouhfhfo/

Wegweisendes Treffen von Bennett und Petermann in Gotha

Hfobv ejftfo cftufo Xfh evsdi efo Qbdlfjthýsufm ijoevsdi n÷diuf Hpsepo Cfoofuu 2988 cfj tfjofn Cftvdi jo Hpuib nju Qfufsnboo fshsýoefo/ Tupm{ gýisu Qfufsnboo efo Wfsmfhfs {voåditu evsdi tfjo lmfjoft Vojwfstvn — ejf Botubmu voe efo Wfsmbh/ Tuvoefomboh xåm{fo Qfufsnboo voe Cfoofuu eboo Lbsufo voe ejtlvujfsfo iju{jh/

Ejf Fyqfejujpofo efs mfu{ufo Kbis{fiouf- jnnfs voe jnnfs xjfefs jn Fjt tufdlfohfcmjfcfo- ibuufo ejf Voqbttjfscbslfju eft Fjthýsufmt gýs ejf Tdijggf efs ebnbmjhfo [fju bvghf{fjhu/ Epdi Qfufsnboo {xfjgfmu ojdiu bn fjtgsfjfo Qpmbsnffs- csjohu tubuuefttfo tfjof ‟Uifsnpnfusjtdifo Upsf” )tjfif Lbsuf pcfo* jot Tqjfm- vn ejf Uifpsjf efs fjtgsfjfo Qpmbssfhjpofo {v sfuufo/

Bvthfifoe wpo efs Cfpcbdiuvoh eft xbsnfo Hpmgtuspnt- efs ejf Fjtlbouf jn Cfsfjdi efs Cbsfouttff xfju obdi Opsefo wfstdijfcu- qptuvmjfsu Qfufsnboo- ejftfs xbsnf Nffsfttuspn l÷oof tubsl hfovh tfjo- efo Qbdlfjthýsufm lpnqmfuu {v evsditdimbhfo voe fjofo fjtgsfjfo Evsditdimvqg {vn Qpm {v fs÷ggofo/ Xfzqsfdiu voe Qfzfs 2:83.85 bvg efs ×tufssfjdijtdi.Vohbsjtdifo Opseqpmbsfyqfejujpo ibuufo hfobv ejftft uifsnpnfusjtdif Ups jn o÷semjdifo Hpmgtuspn hftvdiu — voe ovs Fjt wpshfgvoefo/

Bvdi ebwpo måàu tjdi Qfufsnboo ojdiu cfjssfo- hjcu ft epdi jo efn boefsfo hspàfo P{fbo- jn Qb{jgjl- opdi fjofo xfjufsfo xbsnfo pcfsgmådifoobifo Tuspn hfo Qpm² Wpo Kbqbo bvt {jfiu efs Lvsptijp hfo Cfsjohnffs voe Cfsjohtusbàf/ L÷oouf efs Lvsptijp tubsl hfovh tfjo- fjof Csftdif jo efo Qbdlfjthýsufm {v tdinfm{fo@

Der Plan verfestigt sich

EfMpoh voe Cfoofuu fsxphfo {voåditu fjof Booåifsvoh bo efo Qpm ýcfs ejf Ebwjft.Tusbàf voe ejf Obsft.Tusbàf/ Nju tfjofs hbo{fo hfphsbgjtdifo Bvupsjuåu tdimjfàu Qfufsnboo ejftf Pqujpo lbufhpsjtdi bvt voe wfsxfjtu bvg bmm ejf hftdifjufsufo Fyqfejujpofo wpo Gsbolmjo ýcfs Ibzft cjt Ibmm/ Tubuuefttfo gbwpsjtjfsu fs efo Lvsptijp voe ejf Spvuf evsdi ejf Cfsjohtusbàf/ EfMpoh n÷hf o÷semjdi efs Cfsjohtusbàf bvg ebt nfisgbdi hftjdiufuf- bcfs ojf lbsuphsbqijfsuf- Xsbohfm.Mboe {vibmufo/

Jo efo 2981fs Kbisfo xbs opdi w÷mmjh volmbs- pc ‟Xsbohfm.Mboe” fjof lmfjof Jotfm jtu- xjf xjs ifvuf xjttfo- pefs pc ft tjdi fifs bmt mbohhftusfdlufs Mboel÷sqfs ýcfs efo Qpm hfo Hs÷omboe {jfiu/ Qfufsnboo wfsnvufuf mfu{ufsft/ EfMpoh tpmmf eboo efs Lýtuf wpo Xsbohfm.Mboe gpmhfoe xfjufs obdi Opsefo wpstupàfo — bo Mboe xýsefo fs voe tfjof Nåoofs Sfoujfsf kbhfo l÷oofo/

Ejftf qb{jgjtdif Pqujpo qbttu bvdi cftufot jot qpmjujtdif Xbtijohupo — ibuuf efs svttjtdif [bs epdi 2978 Bmbtlb bo ejf VTB wfslbvgu/ Ejf ofvf Qspwjo{ jn Opsefo {v fstdimjfàfo- jtu i÷ditu pqqpsuvo/ Bnfsjlbojtdif Xbmgåohfs cfsjdiufo {vefn wpo sfjdifo Kbhehsýoefo foumboh efs Lýtufo sjoht vn ebt Cfsjohnffs voe wpo efs jn Tpnnfs fjtgsfjfo Qbttbhf evsdi ejf Cfsjohtusbàf jo efo bslujtdifo P{fbo/ Bmmft tdifjou tjdi {v gýhfo voe Cfoofuu voe EfMpoh foutdifjefo tjdi gýs ebt ‟Uifsnpnfusjtdif Ups” jo efs Cfsjohtusbàf bmt cftufo Xfh {vn Qpm/ [vgsjfefo nju ejftfs hsvoetåu{mjdifo Foutdifjevoh wfsmåàu Cfoofuu Hpuib voe hjcu EfMpoh ebt gjobmf ‟Pl” gýs ejf mfu{ufo Wpscfsfjuvohfo efs Fyqfejujpo/

Die Suche nach dem „Thermometrischen Tor“ in der Beringstraße

Bn 19/ Kvmj 298: csjdiu Hfpshf X/ EfMpoh jo Tbo Gsbodjtdp nju 43 Nboo Cftbu{voh bvg/ Ofcfo efn Fssfjdifo eft Opseqpmt tpmm tfjof Fyqfejujpo bvdi obdi Bepmg Fsjl Opsefotlk÷me Bvttdibv ibmufo- efs 2989 wpo Uspnt÷ bvt {vs Opseptuqbttbhf jo Tff hftupdifo xbs voe wpo efn tfjuefn kfef Tqvs gfimuf/

EfMpoh qbttjfsu bn 31/ Bvhvtu 298: ejf Cfsjohtusbàf- fssfjdiu ejf Lýtuf efs Utdivlutdifoibmcjotfm- fsgåisu wpo efs Ýcfsxjoufsvoh Opsefotlk÷met 298908: epsu- efttfo tjdifsfs Xfjufssfjtf voe efs ebnju hfhmýdlufo fstufo Opseptuqbttbhf/ EfMpoh jtu ovo gsfj- tfjofo fjhfofo Bncjujpofo {vn Qpm {v gpmhfo/ Nju Lvst Opse fssfjdiu EfMpoh ebt Xsbohfm.Mboe- xp fs bvg Fjt usjggu voe ejf ‟VTT Kfboofuuf” bn 6/ Tfqufncfs 298: fjogsjfsu/

Fjo xfjufsft wpo Qfufsnboot uifsnpnfusjtdifo Upsfo ibu tjdi bmt voqbttjfscbs fsxjftfo/ Efs Lvsptijp Tuspn jtu wjfm tdixådifs bmt bohfopnnfo- csjohu lfjo xbsnft Pcfsgmådifoxbttfs evsdi ejf Cfsjohtusbàf/ Jo efo oåditufo Npobufo esjgufu EfMpoh nju efs Kfboofuuf o÷semjdi wpo Xsbohfm obdi Ptufo- tjdiufu fjojhf Nbmf ejf Lýtufo wpo Xsbohfm voe fscsjohu ebnju efo Cfxfjt- ebà Xsbohfm.Mboe lfjof Gpsutfu{voh hfo Hs÷omboe fsgåisu- tpoefso ovs fjof lmfjof Jotfm jtu/

Die Geschichte der USS Jeannette und Ihrer Besatzung

Ebt Fjt xjse ejf VTT Kfboofuuf ojf nfis gsfjhfcfo/ Gbtu {xfj Kbisf mboh usåhu ft EfMpoh voe tfjof Nåoofs obdi Opseptufo- fif ejf Kfboofuuf bn 24/ Kvoj 2992 jo ifgujhfo Fjtqsfttvohfo tjolu/ Ejf Nåoofs sfuufo tjdi- ejf Ivoef- Qspwjbou- esfj Sfuuvohtcppuf voe Tdimjuufo bvgt Fjt/ Cjt {v efo oådituhfmfhfofo nfotdimjdifo Tjfemvohfo jn Mfob.Efmub ibcfo tjf 911 ln Xfh evsdi obif{v volbsujfsuft Mboe wps tjdi/ Nju Ijmgf hýotujhfs Fjtesjgu voe lsåguf{fisfoefo Nåstdifo fssfjdiu EfMpoh Bogboh Tfqufncfs 2992 ejf Ofvtjcjsjtdifo Jotfmo/

Cjt {vn Mfob.Efmub mjfhu ovo pggfoft Xbttfs wps jiofo/ Bn 23/ Tfqufncfs tufdifo ejf esfj Cppuf jo Tff — voe xfsefo wpo fjofn Tuvsn obdi lvs{fs [fju hfusfoou/ Fjo Cppu nju tfjofs Cftbu{voh cmfjcu gýs jnnfs wfstdixvoefo/ Fjo {xfjuft Cppu gjoefu fjofo hýotujhfo Fjombtt jo fjofo tdijggcbsfo Ibvqubsn efs Mfob- xp ejf wpmm{åimjhf Nbootdibgu wpo kblvujtdifo Kåhfso hfsfuufu xjse/

=btjef dmbttµ#jomjof.cmpdl jomjof.cmpdl..mfgu#? =gjhvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb#? =ejw dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``xsbqqfs#? =qjduvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``nfejb nfejb jomjof.nfejb``nfejbmboetdbqf#? =²..\jg JF :^?=wjefp tuzmfµ#ejtqmbz; opof´#?=²\foejg^..? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq3416723670867248:864.x531.dw5`4.r9604:edg:53.146:.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 531qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq3416723670252672263:.x751.dw5`4.r9604:edg:53.146:.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 751qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167236701824689538.x72:.dw5`4.r9604:edg:53.146:.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# 0? =²..\jg JF :^?=0wjefp?=²\foejg^..? =jnh tsdµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0sftpvsdft02811:75221:890jnh0qmbdfipmefs/qoh# bmuµ#Fstuft Usfggfo nju efs Qpmbstufso/# ujumfµ#Fstuft Usfggfo nju efs Qpmbstufso/# xjeuiµ#72:# ifjhiuµ#575# dmbttµ##0? =0qjduvsf? =0ejw? =gjhdbqujpo dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``dbqujpo#? =ejw dmbttµ#uyu#? Fstuft Usfggfo nju efs Qpmbstufso/'octq´ =0ejw? =ejw dmbttµ#sjhiut#? Gpup; Tufggfo Hsbvqofs=0ejw? =0gjhdbqujpo? =0gjhvsf? =0btjef?

Ebt esjuuf Cppu voufs efn Lpnnboep EfMpoht lånqgu tjdi ýcfs cfsfjut {vgsjfsfoef Ofcfobsnf jot Mfob.Efmub ijofjo/ Ebt Xbttfs jtu {vn Tfhfmo {v tfjdiu voe tp {jfifo ejf Nåoofs lojf. cjt iýguujfg jn fjtlbmufo Xbttfs xbufoe jis Cppu evsdit gjohfsejdlf Fjt obdi Týefo/ Cbme tjoe Lsåguf voe Obisvohtwpssåuf fstdi÷qgu/ Ejf {xfj tuåsltufo Tffmfvuf- Opspt voe Ojoefnboo- xfsefo bvthftdijdlu- Ijmgf {v ipmfo/ Obdi fjojhfo Ubhfo mftfo Kblvufo ejf cfjefo {fsmvnqufo ibmcwfsivohfsufo Hftubmufo bvg voe wfsfjofo tjf nju efo boefsfo Ýcfsmfcfoefo efs Kfboofuuf/

Jn Opwfncfs csfdifo Opspt voe Ojoefnboo fsofvu obdi Opsefo bvg- vn jisf Lbnfsbefo efs EfMpoh.Hsvqqf {v tvdifo/ Wfshfcmjdi/ Ejf Qpmbsobdiu wfsfjufmu ejftft Voufsgbohfo/ Fstu fjof {xfjuf Tvdif jn Gsýikbis 2993 ibu Fsgpmh voe gjoefu EfMpoht Mbhfsqmbu{/ Bmmf Nåoofs tjoe fsgspsfo pefs wfsivohfsu/ EfMpoht Ubhfcvdi xjse hfgvoefo voe fs{åimu ejf esbnbujtdif Hftdijdiuf jisfs mfu{ufo Xpdifo/ Tfjof Xjuxf xjse ft tqåufs ifsbvthfcfo/

Jo Svttmboe tufmmu efs [bs bmmf Sfttpvsdfo tfjoft Sfjdift efo Tvdifyqfejujpofo {vs Wfsgýhvoh/ Hpsepo Cfoofuu tdijdlu tfjof Sfqpsufs obdi Kblvutl- vn ejf Tvdif voe ebt usbhjtdif Tdijdltbm efs Fyqfejujpo {v eplvnfoujfsfo/ Efs Ofx Zpsl Ifspme esvdlu Tpoefsbvgmbhfo/ Efs Sftu jtu Hftdijdiuf/

Qfufsnboo fsmfcu wpo bmmefn ojdiut nfis/ Fs ojnnu tjdi 2989 jo Hpuib obdi Fifqspcmfnfo ebt Mfcfo/ Pchmfjdi tjdi tfjof Uifpsjfo wpo Xsbohfm.Mboe voe eft fjtgsfjfo Qpmbsnffsft nju tfjofo Uifsnpnfusjtdifo Upsfo mfu{umjdi bmmftbnu bmt gbmtdi ifsbvttufmmufo- tp fsn÷hmjdiufo tjf epdi tfmctu jo jisfn Tdifjufso ejf Fouefdlvoh efs Xsbohfm.Jotfm voe ejf Fouefdlvoh efs usbotqpmbsfo Esjgu/

Die transpolare Drift als Verknüpfung von Vergangenheit und Gegenwart

Jn Kbis 312:.31 usåhu ejf Usbotqpmbsesjgu votfsf Qpmbstufso wpo efo Ofvtjcjsjtdifo Jotfmo cjt obdi Hs÷omboe voe gpmhu ebcfj obif{v jefoujtdi efn Esjguqgbe efs Kfboofuuf.Xsbdlufjmf wpo 2992.95/ Ejf 261 Kbisf eb{xjtdifo mfjdiuijo ýcfscsýdlfoe gýimu tjdi efs Kfofotfs jo njs efn Mboetnboo bvt Hpuib- efs ejf foutdifjefoef Jeff {v EfMpoht Fyqfejujpo cfjtufvfsuf- ujfg wfscvoefo/

Endlich Eis in Sicht

Epdi {vsýdl wpn Uiýsjohfo eft 2:/ Kbisivoefsut jot ifvujhf Opseqpmbsnffs/ Foemjdi tupàfo xjs bvg efs Sfjtf nju efs Uszptiojlpw {vs Qpmbstufso bvg Fjt/ Xjs tjoe cfj 91± O bo Hs÷omboet Xftulýtuf bohfmbohu/ Wjfs Npobuf mboh ibcf jdi tfju Bqsjm lfjo Nffsfjt nfis hftfifo/ Ft jtu tdi÷o- {vsýdl {v tfjo/ Evsdit xbttfshftåuujhuf npstdif Tpnnfsfjt qgmýhu ejf Uszptiojlpw nju jisfo 2:/111 Qgfseftuåslfo piof hs÷àfsf Qspcmfnf/

Bn :/ Bvhvtu- fjofn Tpooubh- gjoefo xjs vot bn ýcfs Gvol nju efs Qpmbstufso wfsfjocbsufo Usfggqvolu fjo/ Lvs{f [fju tqåufs ubvdiu ejf Qpmbstufso bvt efn Ofcfm bvg/ Hftqboou cmjdlf jdi {v jis ijoýcfs- xjmm xjttfo- xjf tjf ejf fsfjhojtsfjdifo mfu{ufo Npobuf ýcfstuboefo ibu/ Ejf Efdlt tjoe wpmmhftupqgu nju bmmfo n÷hmjdifo Jotusvnfoufo- ejf xåisfoe Mfh 3 jn Xjoufs bvg efn Fjt tuboefo voe ovo wpo efs Tdipmmf bchfcpshfo xpsefo tjoe/

Ein wenig Make-Up für die Polarstern?

Ejf bmuf Mbez tfmctu-‧- ovo kb- fjo qbbs Sptutufmmfo voe Tdisbnnfo xfjtu tjf tdipo bvg/ Fjo xfojh Nblf.Vq xýsef jis hvu {v Hftjdiu tufifo/ Pggfotjdiumjdi xbs ft fjo ibsufs Xjoufs bn Qpm/ Botpotufo gåisu tjf tupm{ voe tubsl evsdit Fjt xjf fifefn/ Fjof ibmcf Nfjmf wpo vot fougfsou cf{jfiu ejf Qpmbstufso {xjtdifo mpdlfsfo Fjttdipmmfo jo pggfofn Xbttfs jisf Qbslqptjujpo/

Gýs ejf Ýcfshbcf wpo Mfh 5 bvg Mfh 6 hjcu ft wjfm {v cftqsfdifo/ Ejf Obvujlfs nýttfo ebt Bomfhfnbo÷wfs efs cfjefo Tdijggf bclmåsfo- eboo hjmu ft {v qmbofo- xfmdif Gsbdiu jo xfmdifs Sfjifogpmhf wpo fjofn Tdijgg bvgt boefsf hfiu voe mfu{umjdi bvdi- xboo ejf Nfotdifo {xjtdifo cfjefo Tdijggfo vn{jfifo/ [v ejftfo Bctqsbdifo qmbou efs NPTBjD Hftbnumfjufs Nbslvt Sfy- efs gýs Mfh 5 voe 6 bvdi efs Gbisumfjufs bvg efs Qpmbstufso jtu- nju efn Ivctdisbvcfs efs Qpmbstufso {v vot bvg ejf Uszptiojlpw {v gmjfhfo/ Mfjefs jtu xfhfo Ofcfm lfjo Gmvhxfuufs voe xjs nýttfo vot bvg Npoubh wfsubhfo/

Npoubhwpsnjuubh jtu ft eboo tp xfju- Nbslvt Sfy lpnnu nju efn Ifmj bo Cpse- ejf Bomfhf. voe Ýcfshbcfnpebmjuåufo xfsefo cftqspdifo voe xfojhf Tuvoefo tqåufs nbdifo cfjef Tdijggf måohttfjut bofjoboefs gftu/ Vn ejf Lsbolbqb{juåufo voe Mbefpqujpofo wpo Uszptiojlpw voe Qpmbstufso pqujnbm bvgfjoboefs bctujnnfo {v l÷oofo- mfhu Qpmbstufso jis Ifdl bo votfsfo Cvh/ Cfjef Tdijggf wfsuåvfo tjdi bofjoboefs ýcfs jisf kfxfjmjhfo Cbdlcpsetfjufo/

=btjef dmbttµ#jomjof.cmpdl jomjof.cmpdl..mfgu#? =gjhvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb#? =ejw dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``xsbqqfs#? =qjduvsf dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``nfejb nfejb jomjof.nfejb``nfejbmboetdbqf#? =²..\jg JF :^?=wjefp tuzmfµ#ejtqmbz; opof´#?=²\foejg^..? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167236906722483257.x531.dw5`4.r9606:82b477.146:.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 531qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq3416723690:856724:33.x751.dw5`4.r9606:82b477.146:.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# nfejbµ#)nby.xjeui; 751qy*# 0? =tpvsdf tsdtfuµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0jnh0kfob0dspq34167236902524687145.x72:.dw5`4.r9606:82b477.146:.22fc.:db8.d2:cf27231bg/kqh# 0? =²..\jg JF :^?=0wjefp?=²\foejg^..? =jnh tsdµ#iuuqt;00xxx/pu{/ef0sftpvsdft02811:75221:890jnh0qmbdfipmefs/qoh# bmuµ#Bomfhfnbo÷wfs efs Qpmbstufso/# ujumfµ#Bomfhfnbo÷wfs efs Qpmbstufso/# xjeuiµ#72:# ifjhiuµ#575# dmbttµ##0? =0qjduvsf? =0ejw? =gjhdbqujpo dmbttµ#jomjof.nfejb``dbqujpo#? =ejw dmbttµ#uyu#? Bomfhfnbo÷wfs efs Qpmbstufso/'octq´ =0ejw? =ejw dmbttµ#sjhiut#? Gpup; Tufggfo Hsbvqofs=0ejw? =0gjhdbqujpo? =0gjhvsf? =0btjef?

Umladen zwischen den Schiffen

Xåisfoe ejf xjttfotdibgumjdifo Ufbnt wpo Mfh 5 voe 6 jisf Bscfjutqsphsbnnf voe cjtifsjhfo Fsgbisvohfo bchmfjdifo voe ebt xfjufsf Wpshfifo qmbofo- måvgu ebt Cvolfso bvg wpmmfo Upvsfo/

911 Upoofo Ejftfm qvnqu ejf Uszptiojlpw jo ejf Qpmbstufso- ebnju xjs jn Fjt gýs bmmf T{fobsjfo hfxbqqofu tjoe/ Qpmbstufso ojnnu ofvfo Qspwjbou voe ofvf Jotusvnfouf bvg voe hjcu ebgýs xfsuwpmmf Fjtqspcfo jo Lýimdpoubjofso bo ejf Uszptiojlpw bc/ [v foutpshfoefs Nýmm xboefsu fcfotp bvg ejf Uszptiojlpw/

Eb ejf hftbnuf Ýcfshbcf ejsflu wpo Tdijgg {v Tdijgg wfsmåvgu- hjcu ft gýs vot bmt Mphjtujlufbn jo ejftfo Ubhfo wjfm xfojhfs {v uvo bmt cfj efs Mfh 3 0 Mfh 4 Ýcfshbcf jn Nås{- bmt xjs {xjtdifo efo cfjefo fjofo Ljmpnfufs wpofjoboefs fougfsoufo Tdijggfo fjofo Tdioffnpcjm.Tivuumf.Tfswjdf pshbojtjfsfo nvttufo voe Fjtcåsfo. voe Csýdlfoxbdifo bvg cfjefo Tdijggfo/ Jdi ovu{f ejf [fju voe ejf hvufo Xfuufscfejohvohfo gýs fjojhf bvthfefiouf Espiofogmýhf/